Elizabethan England was a time of strict social hierarchy and elaborate etiquette. The rules of manners were detailed and often bizarre, reflecting the complexities of court life and societal expectations. Here’s a look at some of the most peculiar and amusing rules of Elizabethan manners:
1. The Proper Use of Spittoons
In Elizabethan society, spittoons were a common sight, particularly in the homes of the wealthy. It was considered proper etiquette to use these spittoons for chewing tobacco or spitting, but there were strict rules about their placement and use. For example, it was considered impolite to spit in the presence of guests, and spittoons had to be placed discreetly away from dining areas to avoid offending others.
2. The Art of Bowing
Bowing was an essential part of Elizabethan etiquette, but the rules were quite elaborate. Different types of bows were required depending on the social status of the person being greeted. A low bow was reserved for nobility, while a slight nod was acceptable for commoners. The depth and duration of the bow could indicate the level of respect or deference, making it a complex and sometimes confusing ritual.
3. The Use of Fan Language
Fans were not just accessories but a means of communication. Elizabethan ladies used their fans to convey messages subtly. For instance, holding the fan in the left hand meant “I am engaged,” while touching the fan to the lips could signal “I am waiting for a reply.” The intricate “language of the fan” required careful attention to avoid misunderstandings and potential social faux pas.
4. Eating Etiquette
Dining etiquette in Elizabethan times was quite strict. For instance, it was considered improper to use a fork at the table; instead, diners used their fingers or spoons. Furthermore, placing your napkin on the table was seen as an indication of rudeness, as it suggested that you were planning to use it again. Napkins were often tucked into belts or left on the floor after use.
5. The Ritual of Hand-Kissing
Hand-kissing was a common practice in courtly settings and required careful adherence to protocol. When a noble or a lady extended their hand, it was expected to be kissed gently by those of lower status. This act had to be performed with precision and grace, and the improper execution of this gesture could be considered a grave insult.
6. The Rule of Personal Space
Personal space was a significant concern, though the concept of “space” was quite different from today. It was crucial to maintain appropriate distance, especially between men and women who were not married or closely related. Overstepping these boundaries could lead to accusations of impropriety or scandal.
7. The Dress Code
Elizabethan fashion was elaborate, and adherence to the dress code was a matter of status and propriety. Different classes had specific clothing requirements, and failing to adhere to these could be seen as a breach of etiquette. For example, only nobility were permitted to wear certain fabrics like velvet or silk, and specific colors were reserved for particular ranks.